In short, yes. There’s a reason we encourage changing your air filter on a regular basis: 3 times a month during periods of heavy HVAC system use is the general recommendation. Many homeowners might assume a dirty air filter is a problem because it contaminates the indoor air. It’s somewhat true, but only minimally.
The air filter is in place for much more than preventing allergens from moving back into your indoor air. It blocks particles and debris from damaging the inside components of your air conditioner. When the air filter is dirty, it’s no longer able to do this job, and the problem affects your home in many ways.